Final answer:
Economic factors were the most important: The Great Turn introduced due to weaknesses of the NEP. The NEP encouraged a mixed economy with limited private enterprise, but its shortcomings prompted a shift towards central planning under the Great Turn.
Explanation:
During the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the Soviet Union, initiated by Lenin in the 1920s, economic policies allowed for a degree of private enterprise and market mechanisms to revive the war-torn economy. However, by the late 1920s, the NEP faced criticisms for fostering inequality and not achieving the desired economic progress. The Great Turn, under Stalin's leadership, marked a significant shift away from the NEP's mixed economy approach. Economic factors, including the perceived weaknesses of the NEP, were pivotal in influencing this shift.
The NEP's inability to bring about rapid industrialization and concerns about growing social disparities contributed to the decision to introduce centralized planning. The Great Turn involved collectivization of agriculture, rapid industrialization through Five-Year Plans, and a move towards a command economy. This transition was largely driven by the belief that a centrally planned economy would better serve the goals of socialism and ensure rapid industrial growth. Therefore, economic considerations, rooted in the shortcomings of the NEP, played a central role in shaping the policies of the Great Turn and the subsequent course of Soviet economic development