Final Answer:
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of consciousness is A. functionalism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functionalism, associated with psychologists like William James, focuses on the adaptive functions of consciousness and behavior. Unlike behaviorism, which emphasizes observable actions, functionalism explores the purpose and significance of mental processes in shaping behavior. It views consciousness as a dynamic system that helps individuals adapt to their environment and achieve specific goals.
Functionalism emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to structuralism's focus on the elements of consciousness. Proponents of functionalism argued for studying the mind's functions and how mental processes contribute to an organism's survival and well-being. This approach marked a shift towards a more holistic understanding of psychology, emphasizing the practical and adaptive aspects of consciousness.
In summary, functionalism is the school of psychology that delves into the purpose and functions of consciousness, highlighting its adaptive role in shaping human behavior. It offers a broader perspective on the mind, considering how mental processes contribute to an individual's ability to navigate and thrive in their environment.