Final answer:
Many people live near or on volcanic mountains in Southeast Asia due to the fertile soils which support agriculture, cooler climate in mountainous regions, and cultural ties to the land. Moreover, certain volcanic activities pose less danger, and these areas can also offer economic opportunities through tourism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Many people choose to live near or on volcanic mountains in Southeast Asia due to a variety of reasons despite the inherent risks of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. One prominent reason is the fertility of the soil, as volcanic activity has historically contributed rich nutrients to the soil, providing an excellent basis for agriculture, which supports the livelihoods of many individuals in the region. Furthermore, the physical geography of Southeast Asia, particularly in the mountainous regions, offers cooler temperatures and diverse ecosystems that are appealing to the population.
Cultural factors also play a role, as many communities in Southeast Asia have deep-rooted histories and traditions connected to the land. Additional economic and social reasons include the attractiveness of the unique landscapes for tourism, which creates jobs and income, and the availability of land for a growing population, especially on densely populated islands like Java and Luzon. Lastly, in some cases, the type of volcanic activity, such as the effusive eruptions in Hawaii, pose less immediate danger compared to explosive volcanoes elsewhere, making habitation more manageable with appropriate precautions.