Final answer:
King Fernando VII ruled the kingdom of Spain, infamous for his reign which led to the dissolution of the Spanish Empire and the eventual independence of its colonies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The kingdom which King Fernando VII ruled is the kingdom of Spain. King Fernando VII, often referenced as el Rey Felón or 'the criminal king,' regained the throne in 1813 after being dethroned in 1808. Due to his rejection of the liberal constitution and his failure to acknowledge the sacrifices of the Spanish people during the Napoleonic Wars, his sovereignty was questioned, ultimately fueling the independence movements within the Spanish colonies.Previously, the title Duke of Linares was held by Fernando de Alencastre Norona y Silva, who served as Viceroy of New Spain from 1711 to 1716, a significant period in Spain's colonial history. However, it is King Fernando VII's rule that marks a pivotal moment when the Spanish Empire began to crumble, resulting in various territories in Latin America, including the Viceroyalty of New Granada, seeking independence from Spanish rule.
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