The process illustrated in the diagram is DNA replication, which occurs during the S phase of interphase.
DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself. This is essential for cell division, as each daughter cell needs to have a complete copy of the genome.
Interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle and is divided into three phases: G1, S, and G2.
G1 phase: The cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.
S phase: DNA replication occurs.
G2 phase: The cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis.
Crossing over is a process that occurs during prophase I of meiosis, which is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs). During crossing over, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.
Protein synthesis is the process by which cells create proteins, which are essential for all cellular functions. Protein synthesis can occur at any time during the cell cycle, but it is most active during interphase.
Cytokinesis is the process of cell division, which occurs during anaphase. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the cell is divided into two daughter cells.
Therefore, the answer choice that best identifies the process illustrated and the stage of the cell cycle in which it occurs is:
Process: Replication
Cell Cycle Stage: S phase