Final answer:
Dispositional attribution refers to explaining someone's behavior based on their personality, contrasting with situational attribution, which focuses on external factors. The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overemphasize personality traits in others, while self-serving bias is our tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors and failures to external ones. Therefore correct option is D
Step-by-step explanation:
When we explain a person's behavior based on their personality, we are engaging in what is known as dispositional attribution. This contrasts with situational attribution, where we would instead attribute an individual's actions to the external context or environment influencing them. The fundamental attribution error is a common psychological bias where we overestimate the influence of personality or internal factors and underestimate the influence of situational factors when evaluating others' behaviors. This error is particularly pronounced in individualistic cultures where there is a strong focus on personal responsibility and autonomy. On the other hand, self-serving bias is a tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors, such as our abilities or effort, and our failures to external factors, like luck or the difficulty of the task. Understanding these biases is crucial in social psychology, which delves into how situational and dispositional factors influence human behavior.