Final answer:
Climate change is the factor that will increase the susceptibility of species to extinction due to our current, rapidly changing environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factor that will increase the susceptibility of species to extinction due to our current, rapidly changing environment that was not present historically is climate change. Climate change, caused by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, is recognized as a major threat to species. It alters regional climates, making habitats less hospitable, shifting ranges, and disrupting delicate timed adaptations to seasonal resources.