Final answer:
Matthew's lowered IQ score despite having the genetic potential for higher intelligence is an example of the norm of reaction, which demonstrates how environment can influence the expression of genetic potential.Therefore correct option is B
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept demonstrated in the case of Matthew, who has the genetic potential for an above-average IQ but scores 85 due to a lack of environmental stimulation, is known as the norm of reaction. This principle suggests that while genetic potential is a fixed quantity, the actual outcome—such as intelligence—is influenced by the environment experienced by an individual, particularly in childhood. In environments that are not intellectually stimulating or supportive, even individuals with the genetic predisposition for high intelligence may not reach their full intellectual potential. On the contrary, a supportive and enriching environment could help maximize innate potential.