Final answer:
The hierarchical model of motivation describes the range of human needs from basic physiological ones to the highest psychological needs, factoring in both internal drives and external incentives. It incorporates concepts from drive theory and arousal levels, as well as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, indicating a multi-layered approach to understanding motivational forces. Therefore correct option is C
Step-by-step explanation:
The hierarchical model of motivation most accurately described by the option: "It combines the influence of drives and incentives; says our needs range from basic physiological necessities to the highest psychological need." This statement encompasses an understanding of motivation from the perspective of both drive theory and the influence of external incentives. A principle underpinning this concept is the Yerkes-Dodson Law, which posits that there is an optimal level of arousal for peak performance: too low can lead to boredom and underperformance, while too high can cause stress and poor performance. These arousal levels are moderated based on the complexity of the task at hand, with simpler tasks often requiring higher arousal for optimum performance and complex tasks requiring lower levels of arousal.
Historically, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an example of a model that outlines the varying levels of human needs, from the foundational physiological needs to the pinnacle of self-actualization. The goal of motivation according to this model is to satisfy these needs in a step-wise fashion, starting from the most basic requirements for survival and gradually moving towards achieving one's full potential. Moreover, this addresses the psychological drive to restore homeostasis, where behavior is directed to correct any imbalance in the body's systems, as per the earlier theory which stipulates that homeostasis maintenance is essential in determining behavior.