Final answer:
Ideology can perpetuate inequality by suggesting that the wealthy are inherently more deserving than the poor, ignoring systemic barriers. The 'Ladder of Opportunity' illustrates how circumstances, rather than merit or talent, often determine economic outcomes. Beliefs like the 'American Dream' are challenged by persistent inequalities that affect social mobility. Therefore correct option is D
Step-by-step explanation:
In which of the following ways does ideology perpetuate inequality? Out of the given options, the assertion that the wealthy are smarter, have better opportunities, and are more deserving than the poor can perpetuate inequality by promoting a narrative that justifies economic disparities on the basis of merit, which ignores the impact of systemic issues and unequal starting points in life. Ideology can influence people's beliefs about the fairness of the social structure and their place within it, sometimes leading to acceptance of inequality as a natural outcome.
The Ladder of Opportunity is a metaphor often used to discuss the disparities in starting points for individuals. A child from a supportive and resource-rich environment is more likely to have success compared to a child who grows up in a resource-poor setting, regardless of their individual efforts or talents. This exemplifies how circumstances rather than merit can determine economic outcomes, challenging the ideologies that link wealth solely to deservability or intelligence.
The concept of the American Dream, which implies that upward social mobility is attainable for all, can be hindered by systemic inequalities. These include inequitable educational opportunities, the influence of familial wealth, and discriminatory practices that affect access to resources. As such, ideologies that overlook these structural barriers contribute to maintaining inequality within society.