Final answer:
Thomas Malthus argued that an ever-increasing population is constrained only by the food supply, resulting in chronic famines and unending poverty.
Step-by-step explanation:
Thomas Malthus argued that an ever-increasing population is constrained only by the food supply, resulting in chronic famines and unending poverty (c). He believed that as the population grows, the demand for food will exceed the available supply, leading to starvation and suffering. Malthus did not take into account the potential for technological progress and increased productivity to alleviate these issues.