Final answer:
Both biomaturation and genes guide development; genes provide biological instructions for the growth, while biomaturation is the execution of those genetic potentials influenced by the environment. Thus option C is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The role of biomaturation and genes in guiding development is a subject that intertwines the concepts of nature and nurture in psychology. Biomaturation refers to the biological progression of an individual's growth and development, which is influenced by genetic instructions. These instructions direct the growth and development of cells, ensuring that offspring have many of the same characteristics as their parents. On the other hand, genes provide the code that determines these biological instructions and capabilities. Generally, both genes and biomaturation guide development, with genes influencing the potential of an individual and biomaturation reflecting the actualization of that potential.
Regulation, homeostasis, and developmental biology emphasize that while genes lay down the blueprint, the environment can impact how these genes express themselves, demonstrating a reciprocal interaction. For example, if a fetus is exposed to famine or infection during pregnancy, it will send different biological signals than in a non-stressed environment, which can influence subsequent development. Hence, the correct answer to the question is: c) Both biomaturation and genes guide development. Hence option C is correct.