Final answer:
Immune deficiency arises when the immune system does not work properly due to factors like malnutrition, thymus disease, medication, environmental stressors, or genetics. The thymus gland plays a critical role in developing T lymphocytes, and issues here can lead to severe immunodeficiency. Acquired causes, like medication and infections, as well as inherited conditions, can also result in a compromised immune system.
Step-by-step explanation:
Immune Deficiency and the Thymus
Immune deficiency, or immunodeficiency, occurs when the immune system is not functioning properly. This can happen due to a range of reasons, including malnutrition, which is especially prevalent in developing countries. In these cases, inadequate protein intake can result in impaired activity of the complement system, malfunctioning of phagocytes, and a reduced production of antibodies and cytokines, which are crucial for a healthy immune response.
Another critical factor that can lead to immunodeficiency is an issue with the thymus. The thymus is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that plays a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response. Surgical removal, disease of the thymus, or congenital defects can lead to severe immunodeficiency, making an individual extremely susceptible to infectious diseases.
Besides, certain medications designed to suppress the immune system intentionally, such as those given to organ transplant recipients to prevent rejection, or as an unintended side effect of drugs for other disorders, can also cause immunodeficiency. Other acquired causes include infections like HIV, which directly attack immune cells, and environmental factors such as chemical exposure or extreme stress. Certain genetic disorders like Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) also lead to immunodeficiency from birth.
The complete question is:Immuno deficiency is a condition caused by an improperly working : Thymus is: