Final answer:
The most common bloodborne pathogens are Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), all of which can result in serious conditions and are transmittable via contaminated blood and body fluids, including through medical procedures. Healthcare workers must follow strict safety protocols to prevent their transmission.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three most common bloodborne pathogens (BBPs) are the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). These pathogens can be introduced into the bloodstream via contaminated needles, dental procedures, piercings, or wounds. Among them, HBV is especially notorious for its infectious nature in healthcare settings and can remain infective on surfaces for up to seven days, making strict adherence to safety protocols and disinfection measures crucial for preventing infection.
The Hepatitis B virus is a hepadnavirus that affects the liver and can lead to serious conditions, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. The Hepatitis C virus is another liver-affecting virus that can result in chronic liver diseases. Meanwhile, HIV is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system, leading to a gradual decline in immune response and eventually causing AIDS if left untreated.
Healthcare workers must use protective equipment and follow protocols to prevent the transmission of these pathogens, including using gloves, face protection, and disposable syringes. Proper washing of hands and sterilization of equipment is also essential. For HBV, post-exposure treatments like hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination are available to mitigate the risk after potential exposure.