Final answer:
An organized government is essential for a nation to become a state as it holds the authority to make and enforce laws, build infrastructure, and maintain order in society. So, the correct answer is option b. Organized government.
Step-by-step explanation:
When examining the factors necessary for a nation to become a state, we consider several key elements. A state is an institution exercising centralized rule over a territory. Although a common language, unique customs, or a standing army can contribute to the nation aspect of a nation-state, they are not strictly necessary for a nation to become a state.
What is essential is an organized government that consists of institutions and people who have the recognized authority to make decisions and create and enforce laws on behalf of the citizens. This organized government is a must-have.
An organized government enables a community of people to establish laws that govern their society, levies taxes, and builds infrastructure and public works. It also relies on meaningful public rituals and symbols to cultivate loyalty and reinforce the state system. Thus, from the options provided, b. Organized government is the necessary element for a nation to transform into a state.