Final answer:
Todd's replication of his brother's action in stacking blocks is an example of observational learning, which is the acquisition of behavior by observing and imitating others, as opposed to direct reinforcement or association.
Step-by-step explanation:
Todd is observing his brother stacking blocks and begins to stack his own blocks in a similar manner. This type of learning is called observational learning, which is the process of acquiring skills, knowledge, or behaviors by watching and imitating others. Observational learning is vital in human development and is formalized through the modeling process, which includes attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. This concept was notably articulated by Albert Bandura through his social learning theory. For instance, children often learn social behaviors, language, and problem-solving skills by observing and copying the people around them, such as parents and siblings.
Other forms of learning, like operant conditioning and classical conditioning, involve learning through direct experience or associations but do not primarily focus on learning through observation of others. In the example provided, Todd did not receive direct reinforcement or experience the specific action himself prior to copying it; he simply observed and initiated the same behavior, demonstrating observational learning.
Answer: Option 1: Observational learning
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