Final answer:
Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in a speech that emphasized retaking the Holy Land, the persecution faced by Christians, and the historical conquests of past kings. The speech was given in the historical context of the 11th century, when the Byzantine Empire requested aid against the Seljuk Turks. Urban II used various rhetorical techniques to inspire warriors to go on crusade.
Step-by-step explanation:
The passage provided for analysis is a speech by Pope Urban II calling for a crusade. In this speech, Urban II emphasizes several key themes, including the need for Christians to retake the Holy Land, the persecution faced by Christians in Jerusalem, the historical conquests of past kings, and the violent tendencies of the aristocracy.
The historical context of the speech is the 11th century, when the Byzantine Empire requested aid from the Western Christian powers to combat the Seljuk Turks who had taken control of Jerusalem and threatened Christian pilgrims. Urban II's speech was given in Clermont, France, as he needed to gather support and unify the Western Christian forces.
Urban II used various rhetorical techniques in his speech, including inspiring pity for the victims, evoking a hunger for glory and power, and calling for unity among Christians. He also tied the crusade to his reform program and the restoration of unity to the church, as well as the defense of the frontiers of Christianity.
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