Final answer:
The condition caused by diabetes mellitus where body cells cannot absorb glucose due to insufficient insulin production or reduced sensitivity to insulin is called hyperglycemia. This results in high blood sugar levels and can lead to complications like diabetic ketoacidosis. Type 2 diabetes commonly involves insulin resistance, while type 1 is characterized by an absolute lack of insulin.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition caused by diabetes mellitus where body cells are unable to absorb glucose from the blood is known as hyperglycemia. In cases of diabetes, there can be insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas or a reduced sensitivity of the body's cells to insulin, leading to hyperglycemia.
This lack of insulin or insulin resistance prevents glucose from being absorbed by the cells, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. This can cause multiple complications, including the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the overproduction of ketone bodies when the body starts breaking down fats for energy due to the lack of glucose entering cells.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form and is primarily associated with insulin resistance, which means that the cells in the body become less responsive to insulin. Over time, this can also be accompanied by a decrease in insulin secretion. On the other hand, type 1 diabetes is primarily associated with an absolute deficiency of insulin due to the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
In contrast to hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia is a condition where there is too little glucose in the blood, which is not directly caused by diabetes but can occur as a consequence of diabetes treatment. Insulin resistance is a condition that is associated with type 2 diabetes, where cells in the body do not respond adequately to insulin.
Learn more about Hyperglycemia