The Progressive Era in the United States, roughly spanning from the late 19th century to the early 20th century (about 1890 to 1920), was a period marked by social and political reform. Various issues arising from industrialization, urbanization, and social inequality prompted a diverse array of reform movements. Here are key aspects of Progressive Era reforms:
Social Reforms:
Labor Reforms: Progressives sought to improve working conditions, limit working hours, and address child labor. Laws such as the Fair Labor Standards Act aimed to regulate work hours and wages.
Women's Suffrage: The movement for women's right to vote gained momentum during this era, culminating in the 19th Amendment in 1920, granting women the right to vote.
Political Reforms:
Direct Democracy: Progressives advocated for direct democracy measures such as the initiative, referendum, and recall to give citizens more direct involvement in the legislative process.
Anti-Corruption Measures: Efforts were made to combat political corruption through initiatives like civil service reforms and the direct election of senators (17th Amendment).
Economic Reforms:
Antitrust Legislation: Progressive leaders like Theodore Roosevelt emphasized trust-busting, breaking up large monopolies and promoting fair competition. The Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were key legislative tools.
Consumer Protection: The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act aimed to protect consumers from unsafe food and medications.
How did the Progressive Movement address social and economic issues, and what specific reforms were implemented to address the challenges of industrialization and urbanization?