Final Answer:
A medical photograph of a person's chromosome pairs is called a karyotype. Option D is the answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes arranged by size, shape, and banding patterns. This technique allows for the examination of the complete set of chromosomes in a cell. Karyotypes are typically obtained from cells that are actively dividing, such as white blood cells. By analyzing the karyotype, geneticists can identify chromosomal abnormalities, including aneuploidy (such as monosomy), non-disjunction events, and polyploidy.
Monosomy refers to the presence of only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the usual pair, while non-disjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate correctly during cell division. Polyploidy involves having more than two sets of chromosomes.
Option D is the answer.