Final answer:
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Western Europe experienced significant changes, with the political order fragmenting and cities declining. However, trade and urban life flourished in the early Islamic kingdoms and Byzantine Empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Western Europe experienced significant changes. The political order fragmented, and the region was divided into various kingdoms ruled by Germanic warlords. Cities declined, and institutions of learning weakened. Western Europe became increasingly rural, while trade and urban life flourished in the early Islamic kingdoms and Byzantine Empire.
Learn more about Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire