Final answer:
Aldosterone, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, is responsible for stimulating the reabsorption of sodium from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys, which also results in the conservation of body water levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
The adrenal hormone that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) from the distal convoluted tubules is aldosterone. Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It acts on the apical cell membrane in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts, where it stimulates Na+ uptake.
This process is essential for balancing electrolytes and water in the body. Aldosterone also leads to the secretion of potassium (K+), helping maintain osmotic balance and blood volume. When there is a decrease in blood volume or blood pressure, or an increase in plasma K+ concentration, aldosterone release is triggered, ultimately conserving and increasing water levels in the plasma by reducing the excretion of sodium from the kidneys.