Final answer:
Genetic testing identifies inherited mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, with implications for cancer risk. Genetic counseling helps understand these risks and informs preventive measures. The knowledge aids in early detection and effective cancer management strategies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genetic Testing for Cancer-Causing Mutations
Genetic testing is a critical tool in the diagnosis and management of inheritable cancer risks. Tests often focus on identifying mutations in well-known genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are linked to hereditary breast and ovarian cancers, as well as certain pancreatic and prostate cancers.
A genetic counselor can help determine if someone is a suitable candidate based on family medical history, ethnicity, and types of cancer present. Sample collection for this testing is usually from blood, saliva, or skin cells and examines the individual's DNA for disease-causing mutations.
It is not only about determining risk; genetic counseling also plays a vital role. Understanding test results informs decisions for preventive measures and treatment strategies, and addresses the psychological impacts of knowing one's genetic risk for cancer. Positive test results do not guarantee cancer development but suggest a higher risk, which can be mitigated through vigilant screening and lifestyle adjustments.
For women like Rebecca, with a high familial incidence of cancers, decisions surrounding genetic diagnosis can be emotionally fraught. However, knowledge of her genetic makeup can lead to early detection and more effective management of potential cancers, significantly altering her medical care approach.
The complete question is: patients and family members are tested to determine whether they have inherited a cancer-causing gene is: