Final Answer:
The nurse would instruct the woman to avoid Smoking, Excessive alcohol consumption, and Illicit drug use during pregnancy.Thus the option a) Smoking b) Excessive alcohol consumption c) Illicit drug use arecorrect.
Step-by-step explanation:
During pregnancy, certain behaviors can have detrimental effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. Smoking is associated with complications such as low birth weight and preterm birth. Nicotine and other harmful chemicals in cigarettes can restrict blood flow to the placenta, reducing oxygen and nutrient supply to the baby. Additionally, smoking increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Alcohol crosses the placenta and can harm the developing fetus, affecting physical and cognitive development. Even small amounts of alcohol can pose risks, making abstinence the safest choice during pregnancy.
Illicit drug use, including substances like cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamines, can have severe consequences for both the mother and the unborn child. These substances can lead to complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, and developmental issues. The drugs may also increase the risk of birth defects and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), where the baby experiences withdrawal symptoms after birth.
In conclusion, avoiding smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use is crucial during pregnancy to promote a healthy environment for fetal development and reduce the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby. The nurse plays a vital role in educating and supporting pregnant women to make informed choices for the well-being of their unborn child.
Thus the option a) Smoking b) Excessive alcohol consumption c) Illicit drug use arecorrect.