Final answer:
The constant of proportionality in the equation p = 16s is $16 per sweater, meaning the store makes a profit of $16 for every sweater sold.
Step-by-step explanation:
The equation given for the proportional relationship between the number of sweaters sold, s, and the profit, p, that a clothing store makes is p = 16s. In this equation, the constant of proportionality is the coefficient of the variable s, which is 16. This means for every sweater sold, the store makes a profit of $16. Therefore, the constant of proportionality from the number of sweaters to the total profit is $16 per sweater.