Final Answer:
Fixation, reduction, and regeneration are all stages of Calvin cycle which ends with the production of G3P. So the correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fixation: In this stage, carbon dioxide (CO2) is captured and combined with a five-carbon sugar molecule, ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), to form an unstable six-carbon compound.
This process is known as carbon fixation.
Reduction: The six-carbon compound formed in the fixation stage is then reduced to produce molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).
This involves using ATP (energy) and NADPH (an electron carrier) obtained from the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Regeneration: Some of the G3P molecules produced in the reduction stage are used to regenerate the original five-carbon sugar molecule, RuBP.
This regeneration is crucial for the Calvin cycle to continue and for the cycle to be sustainable over multiple turns.
The end product of the Calvin cycle is not explicitly mentioned in the options, but it involves the production of glucose (a sugar) and other carbohydrates.
So, the Calvin cycle can be associated with the production of G3P, which is a precursor for glucose.
Therefore, the correct completion of the statement is:
c) Calvin cycle; G3P