Final answer:
In translation, the order through which each codon passes, excluding start- and stop-codons, is A site -> E site -> P site.
Step-by-step explanation:
In translation, the order through which each codon passes, excluding start- and stop-codons, is as follows:
- A site: The charged tRNA with the corresponding anticodon enters the A site of the ribosome.
- P site: The ribosome catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the incoming amino acid and the growing polypeptide chain.
- E site: The deacylated tRNA, which no longer carries an amino acid, exits the ribosome from the E site.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (d) A site -> E site -> P site.
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