Final Answer:
Who forced Charles I to sign the Magna Carta? This document limited the powers of the monarch. It required the king to have the consent of the Parliament to raise taxes. Thus the correct option is 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document that forced Charles I to sign and limited the powers of the monarch was the Magna Carta, and it required the king to have the consent of Parliament to raise taxes. The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, was a foundational document in the development of constitutional limitations on the power of the monarchy in England. It was a response to the oppressive rule of King John and aimed to establish certain legal principles, including restrictions on the king's ability to levy taxes without the consent of a council, which evolved into the English Parliament.
The Magna Carta is particularly known for its clause 12, which states that "No scutage or aid may be levied in our kingdom without its general consent." This clause directly addressed the issue of taxation, ensuring that the king could not impose taxes arbitrarily but required the approval of a council, later identified as Parliament. The Magna Carta thus laid the groundwork for the constitutional principle that taxation should be subject to the consent of the governed, a concept that played a crucial role in the development of representative government and constitutional monarchy in England.
In summary, the Magna Carta, through its clauses, including clause 12, compelled Charles I to seek the consent of Parliament for taxation, marking a significant step in the establishment of parliamentary authority and limitations on the powers of the English monarchy.