Step-by-step explanation:
After fertilization, the coral embryo undergoes mitosis to form a multicellular structure called a planula. The planula is typically a free-swimming larva that floats in the water. Eventually, the planula settles on a suitable substrate, such as the ocean floor.
Once settled, the planula attaches itself and undergoes metamorphosis, transforming into a polyp. The polyp is the primary building block of coral colonies. It secretes a calcium carbonate exoskeleton, creating the initial structure of the coral.
Through a process known as asexual reproduction, the polyp undergoes budding, where new polyps grow as outgrowths from the original one. This budding continues, and over time, a colony of genetically identical polyps is formed.
Within the colony, some polyps specialize in reproduction, producing eggs and sperm. Sexual reproduction occurs when these reproductive polyps release eggs and sperm into the water, allowing fertilization to take place. The fertilized eggs develop into planula larvae, restarting the life cycle.
This cycle of sexual and asexual reproduction contributes to the growth and expansion of coral colonies, playing a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of coral reefs.
NB:Different books describe this process Differently...some include skeleton formation etc.