Answer:
Effective management necessitates consideration of both the external environment and internal organizational culture. Managers must be attuned to factors such as the competitive landscape, economic conditions, and legal/regulatory aspects in the external environment. Internally, aligning leadership styles, communication channels, and decision-making processes with the organizational culture is crucial. Notable management theorists like Peter Drucker, Edgar Schein, and John Kotter emphasize the importance of understanding and adapting to these environmental and cultural dynamics for organizational success.