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Rutherford described the atom as having a tiny, dense and positively charged core called the nucleus. He established that the mass of the atom is concentrated in its nucleus. In Rutherford’s planetary model of the atom, the electrons move through empty space around the tiny positive nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. He sent a beam of alpha particles toward gold foil and observed the way the particles were deflected by the gold atoms. From the results he concluded that all of the positive charge and virtually all of the mass of an atom are concentrated in one tiny area and the rest of the atom is mostly empty space.

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Step-by-step explanation:

Rutherford characterized the atom by delineating a minuscule, compact, and positively charged core known as the nucleus. He determined that the majority of the atom's mass is localized within this nucleus. In Rutherford's planetary model, electrons traverse vacant space around the diminutive, positively charged nucleus, akin to planets orbiting the sun. By directing a stream of alpha particles at gold foil and observing their deflection by gold atoms, he inferred from the outcomes that almost all of an atom's positive charge and mass are concentrated in a minute region, with the remaining space within the atom being largely empty.

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