Final answer:
A mosque is based on the design of the Prophet Muhammad's house, characterized by a large courtyard and hypostyle architecture. The mihrab, madrasa, and minaret serve different roles within the mosque but are not based on the Prophet's house design.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options given, a mosque has a basic plan based on the design of the Prophet Muhammad's house. This foundational style of mosque is known as a hypostyle mosque, which means “many columns.” Essentially, the very first mosque was the home of the Prophet in Medina, which served as a model for later mosques. It had a large courtyard surrounded by rooms supported by columns. The mosque often includes a mihrab, which is a semicircular niche in the qibla wall of a mosque, indicating the direction of Mecca for prayer, and often accompanied by a minbar from where sermons are delivered. Mihrabs became a standard feature in mosques to designate the qibla wall, which is usually the most artistically embellished area of a mosque.
The other options, such as a madrasa (educational institution), a mihrab (niche indicating the qibla), and a minaret (tower from which the call to prayer is announced), do not have their fundamental design based on the Prophet's house but rather serve specific functions within the mosque complex.
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