Heat is the intensity of moving particles. Temperature is the measure of the intensity of these moving particles.
Heat and temperature are related concepts in thermodynamics, but they refer to different aspects of a system. Here are some examples to illustrate the differences between heat and temperature:
1. **Definition:**
- **Heat:** Heat is the transfer of energy between two substances due to a temperature difference. It is a form of energy that flows from a higher-temperature object to a lower-temperature object.
- **Temperature:** Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It gives an indication of how hot or cold a substance is.
2. **Transfer of Energy:**
- When you place an ice cube in a warm room, heat flows from the room (higher temperature) to the ice cube (lower temperature). The ice cube absorbs heat and begins to melt.
- The temperature of the ice cube increases as it absorbs heat, causing a phase change from solid (ice) to liquid (water).
3. **Effect on Matter:**
- If you touch a hot metal rod, you feel the sensation of heat. The metal rod transfers thermal energy to your hand, raising the temperature of your skin.
- The temperature of the metal rod decreases as it loses heat to your hand.
4. **Units:**
- **Heat:** Measured in joules (J) or calories (cal).
- **Temperature:** Measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F), or Kelvin (K).
5. **Change in State:**
- Heating a pot of water on a stove adds heat to the water. As the water absorbs heat, its temperature rises.
- When the water reaches its boiling point, it continues to absorb heat, but its temperature remains constant. This added heat causes a phase change from liquid to gas (vaporization).
6. **Scale:**
- Heat is a scalar quantity, meaning it has magnitude but no direction.
- Temperature is a scalar property as well, but it also has a specific direction (hot to cold) when considering heat transfer.
In summary, heat involves the transfer of energy due to temperature differences, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. The two concepts are interconnected but describe different aspects of thermal systems.