Final answer:
Animals and fungi, referred to as heterotrophs, obtain energy directly from feeding on, or decomposing, other organisms. Animals consume other organisms, while fungi decompose or parasitize them. Unlike animals and fungi, plants produce their own food through photosynthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of organisms that can obtain energy directly from feeding as a parasite on other organisms are animals and fungi. These are categorised as heterotrophs since they cannot produce their own food, unlike plants or producers who utilize photosynthesis.
Animals get their energy from other organisms through consumption, either as carnivores who eat other animals, or herbivores who consume plants. Omnivores, like bears and humans, eat both.
Fungi also acquire their energy from other organisms, most often by decomposing organic matter, but some act as parasites, deriving their nutrients directly from other live organisms. For instance, heartworms are parasites infesting the bodies of mammals to obtain energy.
Meanwhile, plants are not parasitic. They are considered autotrophs as they make their own food through photosynthesis. Therefore, the answer to the initial question is a) Fungi and animals only.
Learn more about Heterotrophs