Final answer:
PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus), CoA (Coarctation of the Aorta), and TOF (Tetralogy of Fallot) are examples of congenital heart diseases, which are structural defects present from birth, differing from problems related to heart's electrical activity. The correct answer is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus), CoA (Coarctation of the Aorta), and TOF (Tetralogy of Fallot) are examples of congenital heart diseases. Congenital heart diseases refer to structural defects in the heart present from birth. They can range from simple defects with no symptoms to complex problems that cause severe, life-threatening symptoms. Unlike dysrhythmia or heart block, which are problems related to the electrical conduction system of the heart, congenital heart diseases are physical defects in the heart's structure. Common studies like the electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter monitor can help diagnose problems related to heart rhythm, but congenital defects are often identified using different diagnostic imaging techniques. The correct answer is D.