Answer:
Zhang Zeduan (1085-1145), styled Zhengdao and styled Wenyou, was born in Dongwu (today's Zhucheng in Shandong Province) and was a painter in the late Northern Song Dynasty. He was fond of learning from a young age, and studied Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) in his early years, and later learned painting. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty served in the Hanlin Painting Academy, specializing in painting the palace, especially good at painting boats and vehicles, shops, Bridges, streets, and city walls. After "lost home, selling paintings for a living, wrote" West Lake contention map ", "Qingming River Map". He was an outstanding realist painter in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Most of his works have been lost, surviving "Qingming River Map", "Jinming pool map", as China's ancient art treasures. The two works are now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. In addition, the Tianjin Art Museum has a small "West Lake Contention Map" signed "Zhang Zeduan", which is a fake work. The work has now been transferred to the Tianjin Museum. "Along the River During Qingming Festival" is still in existence. It is the best illustration of the works such as "Tokyo Menghualu", "Shengji Fu" and "Kaidu Fu", and has great historical value. It not only inherited and developed the long-lost ancient Chinese genre painting, but also inherited the fine tradition of historical genre painting in the early Northern Song Dynasty.
Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was originally a tribute to Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, which has a history of more than 800 years. Its theme is mainly to describe the living conditions of the citizens of Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the bustling scene of shops and people on the Bianhe River. It also depicts the tense and busy scene of the vessels carrying grain and rice goods from the southeast through the Bianhe River bridge and culture. The work is magnificent, 528.7 cm long and 24.8 cm wide. There are 587 characters of different identities, all of whom are both physical and spiritual, and there are 13 kinds of animals and 9 kinds of plants, which are all lifelike, a total of 56 kinds of livestock, more than 20 different cars, and more than 20 large and small ships. This realistic masterpiece is a valuable historical data for the study of the economic and social life of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty. It depicts the lively scene of the emperor leading his subordinates to the Jinming Pool to watch the water battle and the dragon boat race. The figure is 28.6 cm long and 28.5 cm wide and is slightly square. Small picture, the surrounding 9 miles of the pool surface and the pool shore scenery all copied down. Focusing on the description of the big dragon boat in the pool and the small boats around it, with the combination of static and dynamic techniques, the whole scenery of Jinming Pool and the emperor watching the competition scene are generally drawn, the picture is compact, the structure is rigorous, and the theme is prominent.
Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, painted the long scroll Along the River during Qingming Festival, which is a rare and precious painting in the history of Chinese painting. It uses realistic techniques and panoramic composition to vividly depict the Bianjing of Kaifeng, the capital of the king of the Northern Song Dynasty, with boats and boats going back and forth, flying rainbows and waves, bustling shops, dense population and rich social customs and customs. The whole picture is large in scale, tight in structure, and orderly in composition. Its pen and ink skills, as well as work and writing, are lively and concise. The characters are vivid and vivid, and the forms of livestock, houses, boats, cities, Bridges, trees and rivers are all perfected to the best of the best. To sum up the number of ancient Chinese paintings, there are many of that kind of scholar and official egoism, it is difficult to find similar to the "Qingming River Map" so at a large amount of ink, depicting hundreds of people's municipal life and commercial economic activities, placing the people in the master position, and correctly summarized art, which is rare in ancient Chinese paintings, is also rare in modern paintings. The first collector of this painting was Emperor Hui of the Song Dynasty, who wrote the five words "Qingming River Map" on the painting with his thin gold body.