Question

Which of the following are required to perform polymerase chain reaction (pcr)? Select all that apply

1. Proteins
2. Restriction enzymes
3. Free nucleotides
4. Heat

Answer 1

Step-by-step explanation:

To perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the following are required:

1. Free nucleotides: These are the building blocks of DNA. During PCR, free nucleotides are necessary to create new DNA strands. These nucleotides are used by the DNA polymerase enzyme to synthesize new DNA strands.

2. Heat: The PCR process involves cycles of heating and cooling. The heating step, known as denaturation, helps separate the two strands of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold them together. This allows for the amplification of the target DNA sequence.

Therefore, the correct options are:

3. Free nucleotides

4. Heat

Answer 2

Out of the options provided, the following are required to perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR):

3. Free nucleotides
4. Heat

PCR requires free nucleotides (dNTPs) as building blocks for DNA synthesis. These nucleotides are incorporated into the growing DNA strand during PCR amplification.

Heat is also an essential component of PCR. The reaction involves a series of temperature cycles, including denaturation, annealing, and extension steps. Denaturation requires high temperatures (usually around 94-98°C) to separate the DNA strands, while annealing and extension occur at lower temperatures (typically around 50-65°C) to allow primer binding and DNA synthesis to take place.

Proteins and restriction enzymes are not directly required for PCR.