Final answer:
The 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution reserves powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution or expressly prohibited to the states, to the states or the people respectively. This principle, which is central to federalism, underlines ongoing debates and judicial reviews over the division of powers between federal and state authorities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which is a part of the Bill of Rights, establishes the division of power between the federal government and state governments. The text of the amendment states: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people."
This is often referred to as the reserved powers clause and represents the principle of federalism. To answer the student's question, option c) is correct, as the powers not delegated to the U.S. by the constitution are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. This amendment doesn't explicitly enumerate these reserved powers, but they are interpreted as belonging to the states or the people unless the Constitution specifically delegates them to the national government or prohibits states from exercising them.
The fact that the amendment reserves certain powers to the states respectively, or to the people, has led to ongoing debates and judicial review regarding the balance of power between federal and state governments within our Federalist system.
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