Final answer:
The rate of respiration is determined by glucose levels, carbon dioxide levels, and ATP. Fat cells indirectly affect respiration by providing an alternative energy source.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rate of respiration is determined by several factors, including glucose levels in the blood, carbon dioxide levels in the blood, and the body's need for ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Glucose, which is obtained from the breakdown of carbohydrates, is the primary fuel for cellular respiration. As glucose levels increase, the rate of respiration also tends to increase.
Similarly, an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood leads to an increase in respiration rate. Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration, and its buildup triggers an increase in the rate of respiration to eliminate it from the body.
Fat cells do not directly determine the rate of respiration. However, the body can metabolize stored fats to produce ATP when glucose levels are low, thus affecting the overall energy availability for respiration.
Learn more about Factors determining the rate of respiration