Final answer:
The polypeptide chain can be altered after translation through post-translational modification and protein folding. The endoplasmic reticulum is commonly involved in modifying synthesized proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The polypeptide chain can be altered in several ways after translation. One common alteration is post-translational modification, where various chemical groups are added to the protein to change its function or stability. For example, proteins may undergo phosphorylation, glycosylation, or acetylation. Another important alteration is protein folding, which occurs with the help of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER is an organelle that often plays a role in modifying synthesized proteins and ensuring correct folding.
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