Final answer:
Density-dependent and density-independent factors are associated with S-shaped curves in population charts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The limiting factors associated with S-shaped curves in population charts are density-dependent factors and density-independent factors. Density-dependent factors include factors such as competition for resources, predation, and disease outbreaks. These factors become more significant as the population size increases. Density-independent factors include abiotic factors such as natural disasters, climate change, and habitat destruction, which can affect the population regardless of its size.
Learn more about Limiting factors in population growth