Final answer:
Undercoverage bias is evident in this scenario where asking every 4th person outside a pet store may not provide a representative sample of the entire population of Traverse City.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most prominent kind of bias evident in this scenario is undercoverage.
Undercoverage occurs when certain groups or individuals in the population are systematically excluded or have a lower chance of being included in the sample. In this case, only people who happen to pass by the pet store are surveyed, which may not be representative of the entire population of Traverse City. For example, people who don't own dogs may have no reason to visit the pet store, and therefore, they would not be included in the sample.
To obtain a more accurate estimation of the proportion of people in Traverse City who own dogs, a random sampling method that ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected would be more appropriate. This would help reduce undercoverage bias and provide a more representative estimate.
Learn more about undercoverage bias