Final answer:
When three atomic orbitals of a central atom mix, they form three hybrid orbitals. Hybrid orbitals are formed through a process called hybridization. The number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to the number of atomic orbitals that mix.
Step-by-step explanation:
When three atomic orbitals of a central atom mix, they form three hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals are formed through a process called hybridization, which involves the mixing of atomic orbitals to create new orbitals with different shapes and energies.
For example, when three atomic orbitals, such as the s, p, and d orbitals, mix, they form sp2 hybrid orbitals. These sp2 hybrid orbitals have a trigonal planar shape and are involved in bonding in molecules such as ethene (C2H4).
In general, the number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to the number of atomic orbitals that mix. This allows the central atom to maximize its bonding capacity and form stable molecules.
Learn more about Hybridization in Chemistry