Final answer:
France is the European nation that colonized Africa by 1850.
Step-by-step explanation:
France is the European nation that colonized Africa by 1850. During the 19th century, France established a significant colonial empire in Africa through a process known as the Scramble for Africa. French colonies in Africa included Algeria, Tunisia, French West Africa, French Equatorial Africa, and French Madagascar.
Learn more about European colonization of Africa