Final answer:
Common climatic effects in inner-urban areas include heat islands, cold spots, and frost pockets.
Step-by-step explanation:
Common climatic effects in inner-urban areas include heat islands, cold spots, and frost pockets. Heat islands are areas where temperatures are significantly higher than the surrounding rural areas due to the presence of concrete, buildings, and limited vegetation. Cold spots are areas within a city where temperatures are lower than the surrounding areas, usually caused by factors like shade from tall buildings or cold air drainage. Frost pockets are low-lying areas where cold air settles and frost can form, often found in valleys or spaces surrounded by tall buildings.
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