Final answer:
The capsule, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and fimbriae contribute to the pathogenicity of bacteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
Capsule: The capsule is a layer of polysaccharides or proteins that surrounds the bacterial cell. It helps bacteria to evade the host immune system by preventing phagocytosis, which is the engulfing and destruction of bacteria by immune cells. It also contributes to the bacteria's ability to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms.
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS): LPS is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It is capable of inducing a strong immune response in the host, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. LPS can also contribute to bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the formation of biofilms.
Fimbriae: Fimbriae are hair-like appendages on the surface of bacteria. They assist in the adherence of bacteria to host cells or surfaces, allowing them to colonize and establish infections. Fimbriae also enhance the ability of bacteria to form biofilms.
Learn more about Pathogenicity of bacteria