Final answer:
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Islamic societies and Byzantium became centers of knowledge.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, when Christian societies were no longer centers of knowledge, several developments took place. Islamic societies in places like Syria, Persia, and what is now the country of Mali became centers of knowledge, making significant contributions in fields such as science, mathematics, and philosophy. Byzantium also played a crucial role, developing institutions of knowledge such as universities and libraries.
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