Final answer:
Humanism is an intellectual and cultural movement that emerged during the Renaissance. Petrarch, considered the 'father of humanism,' made significant contributions to the study of classical literature. Dante Alighieri's most famous work is the 'Divine Comedy', an epic poem.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of Humanism:
Humanism is an intellectual and cultural movement that emerged during the Renaissance in Europe. It focused on the importance of human values, interests, and potential. Humanists believed in the power of reason and promoted the study of classical literature, history, philosophy, and other disciplines.
Petrarch and His Contributions:
Petrarch, known as the 'father of humanism,' was an Italian poet and scholar. He was the first to systematically study and collect ancient Latin manuscripts, which greatly influenced the Renaissance. Moreover, he developed the concept of the 'Dark Ages' and strongly advocated for a revival of classical knowledge.
Dante Alighieri and the Divine Comedy:
Dante Alighieri, an Italian poet, was born in Florence. His most famous work is the 'Divine Comedy', an epic poem divided into three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Divine Comedy explores themes of human morality, the afterlife, and the journey of the soul towards salvation.
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