Final answer:
Endosymbiosis is the theory on how eukaryotic cells first evolved through a symbiotic relationship between prokaryotic cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name of the theory on how eukaryotic cells first evolved is endosymbiosis. Endosymbiosis is the theory that suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved from the symbiotic relationship between prokaryotic cells. According to this theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts, two organelles found in eukaryotic cells, were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by another host cell.
Learn more about The origin of eukaryotic cells