Final answer:
Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act to punish Andrew Johnson for the removal of his Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. Johnson was impeached by the House of Representatives, but was not convicted by the Senate.
Step-by-step explanation:
In response to Andrew Johnson's removal of his Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act in 1867, which required Senate approval for the removal of certain officeholders, including cabinet members. When Johnson violated this act by removing Stanton without Senate approval, the House of Representatives impeached him on 11 charges, including the violation of the Tenure of Office Act. The Senate held a trial, but Johnson was not convicted and remained in office.
Learn more about Congressional actions against Andrew Johnson for the removal of his Secretary of War